Anti-Jewish legislation denied Jews freedom and restricted their rights. In 1933 the Nazis came to power, and life became increasingly difficult for German Jews. After the war, Philipp returned to live with his family in Berlin. He was made a Sergeant and awarded the Iron Cross for bravery. He married Gertrud Elias, and together they had four children.ĭuring World War One, Philipp was drafted to the German Army and sent to the Russian front, where he ran several bookshops for soldiers. As an adult, he travelled extensively and developed an interest in literature, music and theatre, before becoming a successful businessman. Philipp Manes (pronounced Mah-nes) was born in Germany on 16 August 1875, and spent most of his childhood in Berlin. Thus the Theresienstadt episode concludes, and 1,500 people pull away, to an unknown destination. The train advances one car at a time, as each is filled. In 1942 he was deported to Theresienstadt Ghetto, where he kept a meticulous record of daily life.

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As If It Were Life by Philipp Manes